7種consider 用法：Consider 中文意思

Consider 用法1：

問：“Is your brother going to camp?” “He signed up, but he’s considering _______.”
A. not going
B. to not go
C. he doesn’t to
D. not to go
規定的正確答案A(not going)，但我記得 consider 用法也能跟不定詞連用。因此，是否可以選D(not to go)？

答：consider 用法用在主動句時後面只能跟名詞、動名詞或that子句，而不能跟動詞不定詞。只有當不定詞之前有連接副詞或連接代名詞時，才可以用動詞不定詞作受詞。例如：

1. Have you considered how to get there? 你考慮過怎麼去那裡嗎？
2. You have to consider what to do next. 你必須考慮到下一步應當做什麼。

導致你產生錯誤記憶的，可能還有一個原因，就是英語裡有一個 consider + object + to-infinitive的格式：

1. I consider him to be one of the best authorities in the country。我認為他是這個國家中最優秀的權威人士之一。
2. You surely can’t consider him to be a selfish man. 你一定不能把他看作是一個自私的人。
3. I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 我認為他的行為很可恥。

另外，consider 用法用在被動句中也可接不定詞：

Turner was considered to be a genius even in his lifetime.
特納甚至在生前就被混路是個天才

Consider 用法2：

問：Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to have invented
B. inventing
C. to invent
D. having invented
書上的答案是A，但我認為正確答案應當是B。因為動詞 consider之後只能接動名詞,而不能接不定詞。

答：上面的試題實質上是 consider sb. to do這一結構的被動形式：They consider Charles Babbage to have invented the first computer. –> Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. 參見consider 用法1。

Consider 用法3（consider…as）：

問：我發現許多英語試題將 consider…as判為錯誤。但在閱讀中不時會遇到 consider…as的用法，如何解釋這種現象?

答：有的文法學家把 consider…as斥為典型錯誤。例如，F. Crews教授就曾說過：

“When consider means regard, it shouldn’t be followed by as: He considered me(as) his friend. The error is common because regard does take as.” (The Random House Handbook, New York, 1974, p.229)

許多國外考題持有這樣的觀點，例如日本浜松醫大的英語試題就將“We consider him as the best candidate.”判為錯句(《英語基本300題》，東京，p.75)，但是這種用法，在英語文學作品、科技作品中俯拾即是：在 TOEFL的試題中也不乏這種consider 用法，例如：

Science and the humanities can not be considered as rivals in education, but rather as friends working together toward the same objectives.

consider…as這個格式也得到了語言學家們的普遍承認。

1. They considered it to be (as) beautiful (GCE, p. 852)
2. He was considered as a kind of god by the natives. (Practical English Usage, p 155)

R. Quirk等人明確指出，如同 regard as, class as一樣，consider as代表的是另一類介係詞動詞，即後面跟的是介系詞受詞補語，而不是介系詞受詞：

We considered him as a genius (as a genius / to be a genius.)

他們還進一步指出，下列各句中的任何一句我們都可以說或寫：

I consider her my friend = I consider her as my friend.

Consider 用法4（consider…X/to be X）：

問：I consider it a great honour to be here with you today.
我認為這道句子裏的 consider it a great honour應改為 consider it to be a great honour。我有托福題為證：

In the Middle Ages, the shape of a man’s teeth gas considered to be an indication of its character.（將its改為 his）

答：我認為 consider it a great honour是正確的。我也有托福題為證：

“How about John?” “My uncle ________ a good student.”
A. thinks John
B. suggests John
C. considers John
D. knows John

應當牢配，consider + 受詞(O) + 受詞補語(O)有三種正確的結構：

• We considered him as a genius.
• We considered him as a genius.
• We considered him to be a genius.

Consider用法5（considering）:

問：請分析下列各句中的 considering的同性和語意：
(1) Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 考到這個小孩子的年，他讀得是很好的。
(2) Considering the conditions in the office, she thought it wise not to apply for the job. 考慮到了辦公室的條件，她認為不申請這份工作是明智的。
(3) They have done well considering(that) they have no experience. 考慮到他們沒有經驗，他們做得還是很好的。
(4) He does very well, considering. 依各種情況來看，他做得很好。

答：considering在句(1)中為介係詞，在句(2)中為分詞，在句(3)中為連接詞，在句(4)中為副詞。considering用作介系同時，其邏輯主詞舆句子的主詞可以是不一致的。句(1)的 considering = if one considers。considering用作分詞時，其邏輯主詞與句子的主詞是一致的。句(2)中的considering = when she considered…有些英語文法學家把句(3)中的 considering that看作是介系詞 + that。另一些英語文法學家，如R. Quirk等人，則把 considering that看作是搜合連接詞，我們同意後一派學者們的觀點。因為按照道種觀點很容易解釋that被省略的情形。句(4)中的 considering在語意上等於 considering circumstances。

Consider 用法6（considering續）：

問：Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 為什麽分詞片語的邏輯主詞與句子的主詞不一致。

答：這種用法的 considering像 regarding一樣，已不被看作是分詞，而被看作是介係詞，因此不存在什麼邏輯主詞問題。

1. Considering the job situation, there were surprisingly few applications this year. 考慮到就業情形，今年申請者之少是驚人。
2. Considering everything, it wasn’t a bad holiday. 從各方面來看，這個假日過得不錯。

Consider 用法7（considering that）：

問：《現代英語用法詞典》(外研社，p.257)說considering that中的 considering是介係詞。是這樣嗎？

答：應當把 considering that看作是複合連接詞，因為從文法結構上看，that子句是不受介系詞支配的。請注意，considering that中的that常常被省略。

1. Considering that he received no help, his results are very good. 考慮到他沒有得到援助，他所獲得的結果是很好的。
2. Considering he’s been learning English a year, he speaks it very well. 考慮到他只學了一年英語，他的英語是說得非常好的。