問:我最近看到有這句英文句子:It is essential that he be efficient.
上面句子的主詞子句中的述語動詞be是否應改為is?是不是因為這裏的essential 中文有其他解釋?
答:英語裡有些形容詞在意義上與情態或意願有關,如 essential(重要的,不可少的), Important(重要的), necessary(必須的), Imperative(非常必要的), vital(生命攸關的), impossible(不可能的), obligatory(必須), appropriate(適當的), advisable(明智的), desirable(好的,所希望的), preferable(更好的)等,應用虚主詞it充當主詞而用它們充當述語時,則that子句的述語動詞或者用現在式假設法(在美式英語裡),或者用should+原形動詞(在英式英語裡):
- It is essential that the meeting be postponed. 會議有必要延期。
- It’s imperative that you should not be seen here. 你必須馬上雕開這裡。
- It is vital that Mr Jones should receive this letter before this evening. 重要的是瓊斯先生在今晚以前要收到這封信。
- It is necessary, absolutely, that I should return it this morning. 我絕對必須在今早把它還回去。
- It’s advisable that everyone should have a map. 最好每個人手裡都有一張地圖。
- It is most desirable that he should attend the conference. 最大的希望是他能來參加會議。
- It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 廢止這稅收是適宜的。
- It is imperative that they arrive on time for the lecture. 他們必須準時來聽課。
所以,上述句子essential 中文並沒有其他特別的解釋,而是涉及英文句子文法的學問。
小練習:請選出正確的答案與改錯。
1. It is _______ that the meeting be closed.
A. important
B. good
C. useful
D. nice
2. It is ________that the meeting be closed.
A. nice
B. useful
C. right
D. Imperative