forget 用法1(forget seeing/ having seen):
問:在I forgot seeing her 中動名詞seeing 是表示過去的事件(I saw her, but the seeing subsequently escaped my memory.), 由此我斷定I forgot having seen her.是一個錯誤的表達方式。
答:實際上,forget having seen 並不是一個錯誤的形式。請看下面有關forget 用法的例句:
I forgot having met her.
(參見remember)
forget 用法2(forget to do/doing sth.):
問:I forgot to ask him about it 與I forgot asking him about it 有什麼區別? 請解釋forget 用法。
答:在動詞forget 之後跟不定詞時,動詞不定詞結構所表示的動作或事件本應發生在forget (忘記) 這個動詞所表達的心理過程之後,就是說,動詞不定詞結構所表示的動作或事件僅僅是一種潛在的可能性。forget 的詞義使這種潛在可能性未能變為現實,換句話說,動詞不定詞結構所表達的動作並未發生。I forgot to ask him about it 意為: 我忘了去問他這件事。而在動詞forget 之後跟動名詞時, 動名詞結構所表示的動作或事件是發生在forget (忘記) 這個動詞所表達的心理過程之前,也就是說它已成為既成事實(先前事件) 。I forgot asking him a bout it 意為: 我問過他這件事, 但我卻忘記了。
類似的例子:
- He has forgotten to visit the Great Wall. 他忘了去游長城(實際上沒有去) 。
- He will never forget visiting the Great Wall. 他將永遠不會忘記游長城這件事(實際已遊覽過) 。
- I forgot to close the door. 我忘記關門了。I forgot closing the door. 我關上了門,但我忘記了。
- I shall never forget hearing her singing that song. 我永遠不會忘記聽她唱那支歌時的情景。
- I forgot to meet her in 1980.(=“I did not meet her because I forget that I had arranged to do so.”) 1980 年我忘了去會見她(我沒有去會見她,因為我忘了曾作過這種安排) 。I forgot meeting her in 1980.(=“I met her, but the meeting subsequently escaped my memory.”) 我忘記了曾在1980 年見過她(我曾見過他,但是隨後忘記了這件事) 。
- There’s one thing I’ve forgotten to tell you. 有件事我忘記告訴你了。
- She nearly forgot to give him a tip for this service. 她幾乎忘了給他(的服務) 付小費。
forget 用法3(forgot doing sth./forgot about doing sth.)
問:《英語水準考試指南》(廣西人民出版社,p.514) 強調指出:…forget 的過去時forgot 後不能接動名詞表示忘記過去的某件事情。如不說I forgot doing it. 而要說: I forgot about doing it. 許孟雄教授在《英語難題解答400 則》中(p.90) 說:“我個人認為根據習慣用法forgot 不應直接接動名詞⋯ ⋯我還未在英英辭典上看見過類似的例句。”
不知他們這些說法是否符合英語的實際使用情況?
答:上面的說法似乎有些偏頗。實際上,除了forgot about doing sth. 這種正式用法之外, forgot doing sth. 這種用法亦被人們所採用,而且被語言學家們所承認:
- forgot meeting her in 1980. (i.e.‘I met her, but the meeting subsequently escaped my memory.’) 我忘記了我曾在1980 年見過她。
- forgot (about) going to the bank. (‘I forgot that I went to the bank, or…that I should have gone…’) 我把我去過銀行的事給忘記了。
- forgot my father going to London. 我忘記了我父親曾去過倫敦。
- forgot telling her about it. 我忘記我曾把這件事告訴她了。
當然,正像R. Quirk 等人所指出的那樣,forgot doing 沒有forgot about doing 用得那麼普遍。(參見forget 用法1)