difficulty 用法1 (difficulty / difficulties)
問:我從初學英語時起就已牢記difficulty 是個不可數名詞, 但是現在我卻經常遇到a difficulty 和difficulties 這些形式。例如: Here is a difficulty for you to get over. It gets me into all kinds of difficulties. 這是怎麼回事呢?
答:記得一位著名數學家說過: 學知識的過程, 不僅是一個學習新概念的過程, 而且也是一個修正錯誤概念的過程。你對difficulty 用法的瞭解, 是有片面性的, 應予修正。
A. 當difficulty 表示抽象的“困難”、“費力”時, 它是一個不可數名詞。它既不能與不定冠詞連用, 也不能以複數形式出現:
- She spoke with difficulty.
她說話很困難。 - I don’t have much difficulty with English Grammar.
我在英語文法方面沒有多大困難。
B. 當difficulty 用於指具體的困難、難處、難點時, 它是一個可數名詞, 既可以與不定冠詞連用, 也可以以複數形式出現:
- He paused as though he found a difficulty.
他停了下來, 似乎發現了一個難點。 - The book is full of difficulties.
這本書充滿了難點。
difficulty 用法 2 (have difficulty in V–ing vs difficulty V–ing)
問:《新編留美託福簽證考試資料》上有一道類比練習題:
I have ________ reading an English newspaper.
A. time
B. method
C. difficulty
D. chance
[正確答案為C(difficulty)]
這道題中的reading 是否應改為in reading, 因為have difficulty in V-ing 才是英語的正確句型。
答:就有關have difficulty 用法較全面的說法應當是: have difficulty in V-ing 是英語的常見句型, 但是, 其中的in 在現代英語中是可以省略的, 因此have difficulty V-ing 也是正確的句型。讓我們分別列舉一些實例:
- Smith had some difficulty in understanding the man’s accent.
史密斯聽這個人的口音有些困難。 - There was little difficulty in finding them.
找到他並不困難。 - I was having difficulty breathing.
我呼吸困難。 - You’ll have difficulty finding a good lodging house in the town.
在這座城鎮, 你很難找到一棟好的家庭公寓。
THis is totally wrong,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,PLSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS don’t believe it