join 用法, 例句, 詳解

join 用法

問：× He has joined the Army for two years.
他參軍兩年了。
自從我初學英語的時候起, 老師就告訴我這個有關join 用法的句子是錯誤的。但我直到現在也沒有弄明白它究竟錯在什麼地方。

答：想弄明白上面有關join 用法的句子錯在哪裏，首先要弄清這個問題, 必須懂得英語的所謂持續動詞(durative verbs) 和瞬間動詞(momentary verbs) 。持續動詞表示在一段時間內延續的動作或事件, 例如be, lie, stand, sit, live, work, remain, hold 等; 瞬間動詞表示在極短的時間內完成的動作, 例如 come, go, arrive, join, jump, kick, begin, stop 等。第一類動詞可與表示時間段(a period of time) 的時間副詞(for two years 等) 連用, 而後一類動詞卻不能與表示時間段的時間副詞連用。請比較:

1. He has been ill for four days.
   他病了四天了。
   × He got ill for four days.
   × He has fallen ill for four days.
2. He has been in the Army for two days.
   他參軍兩年了。
   × He has joined in the Army for two years.
3. He has lived there for three years.
   他在那裡住了3 年了。
   × He has arrived there for three years.
4. He has been married for four years.
   他結婚4 年了。
   × He has married for four years.
5. I sent it to him a week ago.
   我一周前已把它寄給他了。
   × I have sent it to him for a week.