neither 用法1:

問:Neither of the alternatives that had been outlined at the last meeting were acceptable to the executive committee. (《碩士研究生英語入學考試複習與指導》,北京航空航太大學出版社,p.15)
該題要求將were改為was。但是我卻經常讀到動詞用複數的句子:

  1. Neither of us are much good.
  2. I quite agree with you that neither are suitable for a newspaper.

如何解釋這兩種不同的neither 用法。

答:到目前為止,語言學家們仍然認為,在正式用法中,動詞與neither 連用時只能使用單數。這一點尤其為各類考題的命題者們所堅持。例如:
Did Jack and Tom understand her?” “No. _______ of them is bright”
A. Not either
B. Not one
C. Neither
D. No one
但是,CGEL 編著者們指出,當neither 後面跟有複數意義的詞語時,因概念一致原則和就近原則的影響,在非正式用法中,有時也會出現複數動詞:

  1. Neither of them are welcome. (非正式用法) 他們倆都不受歡迎。
  2. John and Mary will have to walk. Neither of them have brought their cars. 約翰和瑪麗將不得不步行,他們倆誰也沒把車開來。
  3. Neither of my sisters are very tidy. 我的兩個妹妹都不太愛整潔。
  4. Neither of the books are/is very interesting. 這兩本書沒有一本有趣。

neither 用法2(neither/either):

問: He cannot speak, neither can he hear. 能否說成He… and he cannot hear either.

答:這兩種說法的意思是一樣的。但前一種句型為書面語體,帶有文縐縐的味道(注意:主詞與動詞要部分倒裝),後一種句型則為口語體。

  1. He did not go, neither did she. / He didn’t go, and she didn’t go either. 他沒去,她也沒去。
  2. I have not asked for help, neither do I desire it. / I have not asked for help, and I do not desire it either. 我沒有請求幫助,我也不想請求幫助。

neither 用法3(neither/none)

none用法

neither 用法4(neither/nor do I):

問: A: I don’t like it.
B: Neither do I.
請問句中的neither 可否改用Nor.

答:許多語言學家指出,在這種句型中neither 用法和nor 是完全可以互換的。但有的語言學家指出,neither 用法在正式語體中更加普通,而nor 在口語語體中更加普通。請分析下面的例句:

  1. I didn’t mean what I said, you know. – Neither did I. 你知道,我的意思並不是我說的那樣。– 我也不是。
  2. “I can’t swim!” “Neither can I!” “我不會游泳!”“我也不會!”
  3. The unions do not want a strike, and neither does the management. 工會不想舉行罷工,資方也是如此。
  4. “He didn’t like the play.” “Nor did we.” “他不喜歡這部劇。”“我們也不喜歡。”
  5. He never went to school, nor did he go to church. 他從沒上過學,也從沒去過教堂做禮拜。
  6. The corn isn’t ripening, and neither/nor are the apples (ripening).  玉米尚未成熟,蘋果也沒成熟。

 (參見nor2,so8)

neither 用法5(neither…nor…is/are):

問: Neither Jone nor her brothers _______ a consent form for tomorrow’s field trip.
A. need
B. needs
C. is needing
D. has need
請問答案(A) 與(B) 哪一個正確?

答:應牢記:在使用並列連接詞or,either…or 和neither…nor 來連接主詞時,必須根據就近原則(即根據最靠近動詞的詞語) 來確定動詞的人稱。

  1. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. 無論是你,是我,還是其他任何人都不知道答案。
  2. Neither you nor he is to blame. 你和他都沒有過錯。
  3. Either Tim or his brothers have to shovel the snow. 蒂姆不去鏟雪,他的兄弟們就得去鏟雪。

這是託福等考題經常考核的內容:

  1. Neither tears nor protest effect their parents’ decision.
  2. Neither you nor he are to blame.
  3. Neither the teacher nor the students were introduced to his dean. (攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試英語試題,82 A)

這裡應當指出,在非正式用法中,有時也能見到動詞一律使用複數的情況。這種用法已得到英語文法學家們的普遍認可:

  1. Neither he nor his wife have arrived. 無論是他還是他的妻子都還沒有到達。
  2. Neither painting nor fighting feed men. 既不是繪畫也不是戰鬥哺育男人。
  3. Neither James nor Virginia were at home. 詹姆斯和維吉尼亞都沒有在家。

neither 用法6(neither…nor…is/are續):

問: 1985 年攻讀碩士研究生入學考試英語試題中有這樣一道改錯題:Neither his training nor his experience as a railway engineer qualify him for his job.
答案為將qualify 改為qualifies) 。但我認為在neither…nor…之後用動詞複數qualify 也是正確的。請看下面的實例:

  1. Neither my father nor I were there that day.(《新編英語文法》(下),p.791) 我父親和我那天都不在哪兒。
  2. Neither her nor his wife have the faintest idea of what lies beyond it. (同上) 他和他妻子對此外的事情所知甚少。

答:見neither用法5。

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