such as 用法1
問：Corrosion is an electrochemical process by which a metal, such as mild steel. returns to its natural state, such as iron oxide or rust.
（原譯）腐蝕是一種電化的過程，像低碳鋼一類的金屬，因腐触而回復到自然状態，如氧化鐵，即鐵銹。
請分析這句子such as 用法和在這裡的含義。
答：句中的 a metal是泛指一切金屬或合金，such as a mild steel是舉例性同位語。原譯者把such as…理解為限制性的形容詞，從而把 a metal, such as…譯為“像……一類的金屬”，大大地縮小了“金屬”這一概念的外延。
〔試譯〕腐蝕是金屬（例如低碳鋼）返回其天然狀態（例如氧化鐵即鐵銹）的電化學過程。
such as 用法2（as such）：
問：“Can you recommend a good place to eat?”
“There are many nice restaurants here ________ Loy’s the Old National, etc.”
A. like as; B. as such; C. such as; D. as
請講講 as such與 such as 用法和區別。
答：such as 用法連在一起使用時，常常作“像……那樣的”、“例如”、“諸如”解：
- Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像約翰和詹姆斯這樣的孩子對人是非常友好的。
- Mineral resources such as iron, gold and magnesite are abundant on the peninsula. 在這個半島上礦產資源，如鐵丶金丶菱鎂礦等是很豐富的。
而 as such作“以這種身份(資格)”、“因此”、“本身”解：
- He is a brilliant scholar and is everywhere recognized as such. 他是一位才華橫溢的學者，並且到處都公認他確實如此。
- Money as such will seldom bring happiness. 金錢本身很少带來幸福。
- The earth is a conductor of electricity and as such may form part of electrical circuit. 地球是導電體，因而可能構成電路的一部分。
such as 用法3 （such as + 名詞/ such…as+子句）
問：It was a new-type school, such as it had never before existed in the history of education.
老師要求將句子内的 such as it改為 such as。我不能理解這一點。such as 用法應當後接名詞或名同片語。它怎麼能接子句呢？再說我查了許多字典也未查到 such as引出子句的例子。
答：such as一般是指“例如”、“諸如“、“像…….那樣的”。這種such as 用法是應當後接名詞或名詞片語或其他片語的。
- They export a lot of fruit, such as oranges, lemons etc. 他們大量出口水果，例如橙、檸檬等。
- A man such as he will surely succeed. 像他那樣的男子漢肯定會成功。
除此之外，such as或such.as還有下列用法：
- We had such grapes as you never saw. 我們有一些你從未見過的葡萄。
- 2. The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle with him. 這位探險家僅僅帶他真正需要的人和物品進入了樹林。
- He returned to us later in the day with tobacco, matches, and such provisions as were needed. 那天晚些時候他回到我們這裡來，帶著煙丶火柴以及我們必需的糧食。
不難看出，as引導的是形容詞子句，關係代名詞as在句3中作主詞，在句1、2中作受詞。這種句型中的such有時不放在被修飾的名詞或名詞片語之前，而是跟as放在一起，位於形容詞子句之中：
- We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我們本想耠你一個誰也未曾有過的機會。
- 2. It is the purpose of this article to furnish information such as is not furnished by 99% of the newspapers in the United States. 本文的目的在於提供百分之九十九的美國報纸沒有提供的訊息。
可以看出，句1和句2在文法形式上，與上面修改後的試題(…such as had never before existed…) 是完全一致的。
such as 用法4（such as it is）：
問：I have my opinion such as it is.
〔原譯〕我有這樣的一個意見。(《英漢四用辭典》，p.1644)
請問譯文是否有誤？
答：such as it is或 such as they are是個成語，意思是“儘管不怎麼好”、“儘管質量不怎度高”、“儘管不一定正確”、“儘管沒有什麽價值(重要性)”。例如：
- You can use my bicycle, such as it is. 你可以用我的腳踏車，儘管不大好騎。
- He won’t refuse you his help, such as it is. 他不會拒絕你幫助的，儘管幫助不會很大。
- This pie, such as it is, is the best I can make. 這餅雖然不大好，但它是我做的最好的。
such as 用法5（such…as）
問：The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in chemical solutions.
〔原譯〕離子的運動也就是原子得到或失去電子時的運動就，在大多數情況下，化學溶液中發生這種現象。(《科技英語結構分析和翻譯》，p.431)
上面譯文似乎違背原意，請分析。
答：譯文把 as have gained or lost electrons譯為“得到或失去電子時”，是違背化學原理的須知，as have gained or lost electrons是個形容詞子句，用來限制atoms (as在形容詞子句中充當主詞)。實際上，such…as引出形容詞子句的情況是很常見的。例如：
- High carbon steel can be used to make such working parts as require high strength and hardness. 高碳鋼可用來製造那些要求高強度和高硬度的工作零件。
- The principles which we shall study apply not only to such cases as have been mentioned but also to wave-motions. 我們將要研究的原理不僅適用於已經提到的情況，而且也適用於波動。
〔試譯〕離子的運動，就是得到或失去電子的原子的運動，這種運動，在大多數情況下發生在化學溶液中。
(參見 such as 用法3)
such as 用法6（such….as/such….that）:
問：It wasn’t such a good dinner ________ she had promised us.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. what
答案為：B(as)，能否選A(that)呢？such…that不是很常見的句型嗎？
答：such….that結構中，that是連接詞，引出的是精果副詞子句，而such….as結構中，as是關係代名詞，引出的是形容詞子句。可見它們之間有本質的區别。在上道試題中，as的先行詞是a good dinner，as在形容詞子句中作直接受詞。請分析下列例句中such…(that)與such…as 用法的區别：
- But it’s such an important match, we can’t miss It.(省略了that) 但是，它是那麼重要的一場球賽，我們決不能錯過它。
- He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 他講了那麼長時間，人們開始打瞌睡了。
- He’s not such a fool as he looks. 他並不像看上去那樣愚蠢。
〔附注〕 not such…as可用於表示比較：
He’s not such a hard worker as his brother.
他不是一個像他兄弟那麼努力工作的人
故此，上述英文句子的意思是：“這頓飯不像她答應的那麼好。”
such as 用法7（such…that/such）
問：He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.
請問such…that中的that能否省略?
答：在非正式語體中，such…that中的that有時是可以省略的：
- She is such a good lecturer all her courses are full. 她的課講得非常好，她所有的課都是座無虛席。
- There was such a draught, it is no wonder he caught a cold. 那裡的穿堂風很大，難怪他患了感冒。
另見such 用法。