Worth 用法1:
問:This book is worth reading. 請問 worth是個什麼詞?
答:《新英漢詞典》認為worth是形容詞,後接受詞。國外的許多語雷學家也把worth 用法看作是形容詞。但亦有其他學者則認為 worth 用法具有介系詞的文法特徵:支配名詞片語、支配帶邏輯主詞的動名詞以及what子句:
- San Francisco is worth frequent visits (or your visiting frequently). 舊金山值得經常參觀。
- The bicycle is not worth what you paid for it. 這輛腳踏車不偭你付出的那麼多錢。
小練習:請選出正確的答案
1. Only one of these books is ________.
A. worth to read
B. worth being read
C. worth of reading
D. worth reading
2. What do you think of the book?
Oh, excellent. It’s worth _________ a second time.
A. to read
B. to be read
C. reading
D. being read
Worth 用法2:
問:The watch isn’t worth repairing. It isn’t worth repairing the watch. 我知道上面兩個有關worth 用法的句子都是正確的,但不知道如何分析後一個句子。
答:在後一個句子中,it是虛主詞,而動名詞結構 repairing the watch是真實主詞。見 worth 用法3。
Worth 用法3:
問:He’s worth listening to.從意義上看,He是 listening的邏輯主詞嗎?如果不是,那麽listening的邏輯主詞是誰呢?
答:從語意上看,He是 listening to的邏輯受詞,或者說,介系詞to的邏輯受詞。也只有在語意上充當邏輯受詞的成分,才能作 be worth的文法主詞。我們不能說:He is worth repairing car.下面是一些正面例句:
Worth用法4:
問:The car isn’t worth repairing. worth之後是不是只能跟動名詞?
答:除了動名詞之外,在 worth之後還可以跟名詞(或代名詞)和what子句。但是不能跟動詞不定詞:
- It was worth at least fifty francs. 它至少值五十法郎。
- They thought the book worth publication. 他們認這本書值得出版。
- The bicycle is not worth what you paid for it. 這踏車不值你付的那些錢。
Worth 用法5:
問:If his object had been health for health’s sake, the result would still have been well worth any sacrifices of momentary desire that it cost him; but he had a higher purpose.
(原譯)如果他的目的是為健康而健康的話,那精果仍然是值得他一時的欲望而付出任何的代價;但實際他卻有更高的目的呢。(錢歌川:《英文一日一題》,p.212)
我認原譯不夠通順。請分析。
答:worth 用法在這裡的中文意思是“抵得上”,“(在價值上)相等” (of value equivalent to),“……是值得的”。請看 worth 用法在下列句子中的中文意義:
- A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鳥在手勝於兩鳥在林(或兩鳥在林不如一鳥在手).
- His rise in status is well worth the loss of money. 收入雖然減少了,社會地位卻提高了,這樣做還是很值得的。
其次應當指出,“any sacrifices of momentary desire”的意思是“播牲一時的欲望”,而不是“為了(滿足)一時的欲望而付出的任何代價”,即 momentary desire是 sacrifices的邏輯上的客體,儘管它在文法上是 sacrifices的形容詞片語。類似的例子:
- A war demands of us enormous sacrifices of life and property. 戰争需要我們在生命和財產方面做出巨大的犧牲。
- You will gain nothing by the sacrifice of your principles. 你靠犧牲原則是什麼也得不到的。
(試譯)如果他的目的是為健康而健康的話,那麽他犧牲一時的欲望所換來的結果,還是很值得的;但是實際上他卻有更高的目的。
Worth 用法6:
問:《英語慣用法詞典》(時代出版社,p.711) 認為 It is worth discussing the question again. 是錯誤的,因為 discussing是實際主詞,it是虛主詞,worth後面沒有受詞,所以不對。而必須改為The question is worth discussing again。但是,我在英語教科書中卻不只一次地讀過上面的被判為錯誤的用法。
答:現代文法學家和詞典大都承認 It is worth doing的用法是正確。的例如:
- It is scarcely worth going home. 你回家幾乎是不值得的。
- It isn’t worth waiting for him. 等待他是不值得的。
- it isn’t worth repairing the car. 修理道輛汽車是不值得的。
小練習:請選出正確的答案。
The Landon doubted if it was worth ______ a hundred miles to see the basketball game.
A. of driving
B. driving
C. drive
D. being driven
Worth 用法7:
問:In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians, Native Americans, for a handful of goods worth about $24. (《高中英語教科書》(選修)第三册(下),人民教育出版社、朗文出版集團有限公司,1998,p.1)
《新英漢詞典》(p.1632)指出,用作形容詞的worth 用法只能用作述語。但上句中的worth不像是用作述語。
答:誠然,worth常常用作述語,但是上句中的 worth about $24卻是 a handful of goods的形容詞,意思是“價值為”。worth( + n.)用作後置形容詞的實例俯拾即是:
- San Francisco is a city worth frequent visits. 舊金山是一座值得經常參觀的城市。
- He is stingy man not worth a cent. 他是一個一文不值的吝嗇男人。
(句意)曼哈頓島是一六二六年從當地印第安人(即美洲土著人)手裡買來的,所花的費用僅僅是價值約為二十四美元的一點點貨物。
Worth 用法8(worth being celebrated?):
問:The day when Hong Kong returned to China is worth being celebrated.(《高中英教科書》(選修)第三册(上),人民教育出版社、朗文出版集團有限公司,1997,p.80)
請問 worth being celebrated的用法是否正確?
答:上句中的 worth being celebrated的用法是錯誤的,應改為 worth celebrating,因為在sth. Is worth doing句型中,句子都主詞(sth.)必須是doing動作的客體(邏輯上的受詞)。
Worth 用法9(+複數名詞is/are):
問:n pounds’ worth of+複數名詞時,其動詞用單數形式,還是用複數形式?
答:根據F. T. Wood的解釋,n pounds’ worth of + 複數名詞時,其動詞有時用複數形式,有時用當數形式,這完全取決於上下文和所表達的真正意義。當充當of受詞的名詞具有重要的意義時,動詞用單數形式,當所表達的價值(value)具有重要意義時,則動詞用單數形式,請比較:
- Nearly a thousand pounds’ worth of cigarettes were stolen. (這裡所考慮的是香煙被盜,而不是它們的價值)大約價值一千英鎊的香煙被盜。
- There is nearly a thousand pounds’ worth of cigarettes on that shelf. (在這裡,我們腦子裡所想的是香煙的價值)在那個架子上的香煙的價值大約為一千英鎊。
Worth 用法10 (worth/worthy):
問:A:“I had to pay ten dollars for this book”
B:“It’s probably worthy it.”
請問這個句子的worth 用法錯誤何在?
答:worthy與worth 用法有一個很主要的差别:be worth之後可以直接跟由名詞或代名詞充當的受詞(worth ten dollars),而 be worthy則不能直接跟由名詞或代名詞充當的受詞,而必須通過of:
worth常常用在金錢方面(值……多少錢),而 worthy of則不能:
worth 用法與 worthy的其他區别是:
A. worthy可以用作前置形容詞,而 worth則無這種用法:
- The school has graduated many worthy young people. 這所學校培養出了許多有為的青年人。
- He has had a worthy object in view. 他心目中有個崇高的目標。
B. worthy可以後接不定詞,而 worth 用法卻不能後接不定詞,參見 worth用法17。
從上面的例句不難看出,你所提間的句子中的 worthy 應當改為 worth。
Worth 用法11(worth/worthy of):
問:(A) His suggestion is worth considering.
(B) His suggestion is worthy of considering.
上面兩個句子的意義是否相同?
答:句(A)是正確的,因為當 worth 用法做述語時,雖然其主詞是接受動作者,但worth後的動名詞必須探用主動形式(considering)。句(B)則是錯的,因為充當述語的 worthy of的主同是接受動作者時,worthy of之後的動名詞或不定詞必須探用被動形式:
- Their deeds are worthy of being mentioned. 他們的事蹟值得一提。
- These old churches are worthy of being visited. 這些古老的教堂頗值得參觀。
- It is worthy of being remembered. 這是值得記住的。
(附注)中國内地有些英語著作認為在 worthy of之後接動名詞的主動形式是正確的:
This book is worthy of reading. (《英語難題解答40則》,p.267)
Worth 用法12(worth/worthy of):
問:Be very careful with this ancient vase as it is ________ a lot.
A. worthwhile
B. worth
C. worthy
D. worthy of
(研充所考試英語試題,83B)
《TOEFL、GRE解題時》(p.1090)給的正確答案是D. worthy of,而《英語考試題》給的正確答案卻是B. worth,究竟選擇哪個答案是正確的呢?
答:從文法上說,選 worthy of或者速 worth都是正確的。但從詞語搭配來看,則選 worth是正確的,因為 worth 用法可用於金錢方面,而 worthy of一般不用在金錢方面。(参見 worth用法4)
小練習:請選出正谁的答案。
I don’t think that your watch is _______.
A. worthy of the price
B. worth of the price
C. worth the price
D. worthy to buy
Worth用法13(worth doing/worth to do(?)):
問:The recent issue of this periodical is worth ________.
A. to read
B. reading
C. for you to read
D. for you reading
在 worth之後應當跟動詞不定詞,還是應當跟動名詞?
答:在sth. is worth doing 結構裏,worth之後只能跟名詞或勤名詞,而不能跟不定詞。注意,在worth doing這種句型裡,doing並不表示主動意義,而是表示被動意義:
- The car isn’t worth repairing. 這輛汽車不值得修理。
- What is worth doing is worth doing well. 凡值得做的事情就值得把它做好。
- You’re not worth helping. 你不值得幫助。
- He’s worth listening to. 他說話值得一聽。
這種句型有時可以用 it is worth doing來代替:
- The car isn’t worth repairing. (It isn’t worth repairing the car.) 這輛汽車不值得修理(修理這輛汽車是不值得的)。
- The cartons are worth saving. (It’s worth saving the cartons.) 硬紙盒值得保存。
(参見 worth用法1)
Worth 用法14(worth one’s while doing/to do):
問:(1) It would be worth your while to talk to the editor.
(2) It’s not worth your while staying.
從上面的例句能否得出結論說:worth one’s while既可接動名詞,又可接不定詞?
答:worth one’s while(或 worthwhile)與 worth不同,它不是介系詞,也不是形容詞,因而不要求受詞(或補語)。我們絕不要把 worth one’s while(worthwhile)跟 worth 用法混為一談。在你提出的兩個句子裡,to talk…和 staying並不是 worth your while的受詞(或補語),而是句子的實主詞(句首的it為虛主詞)。此外,在含有 worth one’s while的句子裡,還可用不定詞或動名詞作真實受詞:
- It would be well worth your while to come to the meeting. 你去參加此次會議,是很值得的。
- You would find it well worth your while to come to the meeting. 你要是參加會議,你會認為是很值得的。
- It’s not worth your while reading this book, because it isn’t accurate. 這本書不值得你去讀,因為它不準確。
- You will find it worth your while to read the book. 你會發現這本書是很值得一讀的。
小練習:請選出正確的答案。
“How do you think of the play?” “I believe every person would find it worth ______ to see it.”
A. their while
B. her while
C. his while
D. your while(TOEFL)
worth 15 用法(more worth/worther(?)):
按照英語文法規則,形容詞real, right, wrong和worth沒有屈折變化形式realer, righter, wronger 和 worther,而只能通過加more和most的方法來構成比較級和最高級。如:
This inn is far more worth seeing. 這個旅店更加值得一看。
Worth 16 用法(three dollar’s worth/three dollars’ worth):
問:(1) Joe asked for fifty cent’s worth of chocolate candy.
(2) We put three dollar’s worth of gasoline in the tank.
請問 three dollar’s worth與 three dollars’ worth哪個用法是正確的?
答:可能有人認為,名詞作形容詞應取單數形式。但是,請記住,time和 worth之前的名詞形容詞,如具有複數意義,則應探用複數形式並加上所有格形式或’s,或者廣而言之,當用名詞的所有格作形容詞時,則具有複數意義的名詞應探用複數形式:
- They stole fifty thousand dollars’ worth of equipment. 他們偷了價值五萬美元的設備。
- They had got away with thousands of pounds’ worth of diamonds. 他們帶著價數千英鎊的鑽石逃之夭夭了。
- He needs a few days’ rest. 他需要休息幾天。
Worth用法17(worthy to do):
問:worthy 用作述語時,後面是不是總是跟介係詞of片語,而不能跟不定詞?
答:worthy用作述語時,除了跟介係詞of連用of,還可以跟不定詞連用。例如:
- She said she was not worthy to be my wife. 她說她不配做我妻子。
- You are not worthy to live in the same would with her. 你不配跟她生活在同一個世界上。
- He is worthy to have a place in the team. 他有資格成為隊(的一)員。
如果主詞是接受動作者(被動的),則應采用動詞不定詞的被動形式: